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upper crust 〔美俚〕上層階級;頭,腦袋。

upper cut

Through the study of characteristic of macroelement , microelement , rare - earth element , oxyhydrogen isotope , sulfur isotope , lead isotope , fluid inclusion etc , a conclusion can be drawn that metallogenic substance comes from the upper mantle with mixing of some substance from the upper crust latter . it is likely to have the same source with the surrounding rock 通過對礦床的常量元素、微量元素、稀土元素、流體包裹體特征、氫氧同位素、硫同位素、鉛同位素等特征的研究,認為成礦物質主要來源于上地幔,與周圍巖石存在著同源的可能性,后期有一定的上地殼物質混入,成礦作用有三期,分別與區內的花崗巖、二長花崗巖脈、云煌巖脈有關。

It shows that the resolution of the crust interface ' s shape on this four profiles is very good , nevertheless that of the velocity structure is relatively poor . the crust and upper mantle ' s fine configuration on the hq - 13 profile is obtained by our tomography , which reveals some important structure and dynamic features of this region : the velocity structure of the crust consists of three layers , the upper crust , the middle crust and the lower crust . however it also can be divided into six lateral blocks , each of them “ s velocity is always higher or lower than that of its neighboring blocks 本文第五章利用有限差分反演和射線反演的方法獲得了符離集?奉賢地震測深剖面( hq - 13線)精細的地殼上地幔結構剖面,揭示出下揚子地區一些重要的結構和動力學特征:地殼速度結構在縱向上大致可分上地殼、中地殼和下地殼三部分,橫向上可劃分為6個塊體,各塊體的p波速度沿測線方向呈現高速?低速?高速的組合。

Studies on geology of the deposits and geochemistry of trace elements , rees , isotopes , ore - forming fluids show that the ore - forming materials came from varied sources . ore - forming materials of the tianbaoshan deposit was chiefly derived from different sedimentary rocks of the upper crust and orogen , while those of the daliangzi deposit mainly from the sinian dengying formation . meteoric waters were the major source of the ore - forming solution 礦床地質特征以及常微量元素、稀土元素、同位素、成礦流體等地球化學特征的研究表明,礦床成礦物質是多來源的,天寶山礦床成礦物質主要來自上部地殼和造山帶各種沉積巖,大梁子礦床成礦物質主要來自震旦系燈影組地層;兩個礦床成礦溶液主要來自大氣降水;硫大部分來源于同時期的海相沉積地層(震旦系燈影組)中被細菌還原的海水硫酸鹽。

The reason for the moderate and large earthquake of zhengjiang block could be attribute as such features : because of the structure ' s more rigidity and the rising of the several interfaces in the crust , the energy from the deep crust of upper mantle is transported to the middle or upper crust persistently . thus it always accumulates at some locations and this may lead to eart 由于地表火山活動的停止,來自中下地殼和上地慢的大部分能量得不到釋放,從而在有利的構造部位積聚,進而在流體的作用下,或在其它外動力誘發下,導致孕震系統失穩而發生地震。

Based on the study on ree distribution characteristics of sinian low grade metamorphic rocks of the basement and cover volcanics , the author makes a discussion on the material source and the genesis of xiangshan volcanics , and suggests that xiangshan volcanics came mostly from the remelting of the upper crust , and the genesis should be attributed to the category of remelted granites 摘要本文通過對相山火山盆地基底震旦系淺變質巖、蓋層火山巖稀土元素分布特徵的研究,探討相山火山巖的物質來源及巖石成因,認為相山火山巖主要是上部地殼重熔的產物,其巖石成因應屬于重熔型花崗巖的?疇。

The surface loading of the mountains and the associated root of thickened crust produce horizontal deviatoric tension in the strong upper crust . in contrast , the deep , dense lithospheric root and its associated downflexing of the surface produce horizontal compressive deviatoric stress in the strong near - surface layer . the actual state of stress in the strong layer of the upper crust is the combined effect of these two opposite stress systems together with bending and other local and regional stresses such as due to ridge push 模擬結果表明:由于均衡機制,造山帶下部的低密度山根促使地殼隆升、造山,山根是地殼剛性層中張性構造應力的主要力源;與此相反,冷的高密度巖石圈向軟流圈插入、拆離、下沉,從而形成巖石圈根,它引起擠壓造山和巖石圈地幔物質的重新調整,也是地殼剛性層中擠壓性構造應力的主要力源。

Geophysicists had already cognizance of that the pervasive velocity anisotropy with varying degree in the mantle or the sedimentary rock of upper crust is an important physical property . almost all existed research works fasten on those transversely isotropic media with vertical or horizontal axis of symmetry ( ti ) . , 地球物理學者已認識到從地幔到地殼上部的沉積巖存在著不同程度的各向異性,且對具有垂直或水平對稱軸的橫向各向同性介質( ti )有很多的研究。

The characters of velocity ' s distribution within the mid - layer of the middle crust resemble that of the upper crust ' s bottom layer , and the velocity strongly disturbed . the prominent higher velocity anomalies exist below the linbi uplift and the hu - su uplift within this layer 中地殼的中間層速度分的基本特征類似上地殼底部,橫向均勻性顯著;中地殼下部速橫向不均勻性明顯,在靈壁隆起和湖蘇隆起的下部有顯著的高速異常。

And they show that chinese upper crust has a stable ree composition , and those different grain - size sediment samples which are from different site , and deposited in different periods do not establish any remarkable difference 它們的配分曲線高度相似,表明了組成上的一致。在與黃土等物質進行對比時,發現它們除了含量上有差異外,在配分曲線形態上是一致的。

These studies , therefore , suggest that the songsugou peridotite is not a tectonic massif of the upper mantle but a ultramafic magmatic rock body crystallized in deep crust and tectonically emplaced in the upper crust 從而證明了松樹溝橄欖巖體并不是上地幔巖石的殘片,而是由巖漿在深部地殼環境下結晶而成并以固態構造侵位于地殼的上部。

The round columnar joints show that the dyke swarms are in upper crust brittle tectonic setting , and the western shandong block is brittle extensional in the mesoproterozoic time 巖墻發育圓柱狀節理表明巖墻侵位時地塊已經處于上地殼脆性構造環境,中元古代魯西地區是一個脆性伸展的大地構造環境。

The ree composition of q43 sediment is similar to that of chinese upper crust , and it is obviously that it was derived from china Q43柱樣兩個粒級沉積物的稀土元素組成顯示了與中國陸源物質的相似性,表明它主要來源于中國大陸。

( 3 ) the mineral source was provided by both lower crust , upper mantle and upper crust , obviously from crust - mantle mixing ( 3 )礦田中的成礦物質的不僅來自于下地殼和上地幔,而且還來自于上地殼,具有殼幔混合特征。

The season was always an exclusive thing to which only the “ upper crust ” was admitted 最初,英格蘭夏日排他性很強,只有貴族階層才可以參加。

The deformations at the surface of the crust after rainfalls have close relations to the occurrence of shallow shocks in the upper crust . 雨后地殼表面的形變與地殼上部發生的淺源地震密切相關。